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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_processors
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsets
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_codenames
https://linuxreviews.org/The_Massive_Intel_Leak:_The_Files_It_Contains_And_Their_Content
Year | Micro-<wbr />architecture | Pipeline stages | Max clock (MHz) |
Process node |
---|---|---|---|---|
1978 | 8086 (8086, 8088) | 2 | 5 | 3000 nm |
1982 | 186 (80186, 80188) | 2 | 25 | |
1982 | 286 (80286) | 3 | 25 | 1500 nm |
1985 | 386 (80386) | 6 | 33 | |
1989 | 486 (80486) | 5 | 100 | 1000 nm |
1993 | P5 (Pentium) | 5 | 200 | 800, 600, 350 nm |
1995 | P6 (Pentium Pro, Pentium II) | 14 (17 with load & store/retire) | 450 | 500, 350, 250 nm |
1997 | P5 (Pentium MMX) | 6 | 233 | 350 nm |
1999 | P6 (Pentium III) | 12 (15 with load & store/retire) | 1400 | 250, 180, 130 nm |
2000 | NetBurst (Pentium 4) (Willamette) |
20 unified with branch prediction | 2000 | 180 nm |
2002 | NetBurst (Pentium 4) (Northwood, Gallatin) |
3466 | 130 nm | |
2003 | Pentium M (Banias, Dothan) Enhanced Pentium M (Yonah) |
10 (12 with fetch/retire) | 2333 | 130, 90, 65 nm |
2004 | NetBurst (Pentium 4, Pentium D) (Prescott) |
31 unified with branch prediction | 3800 | 90, 65 nm |
2006 | Intel Core | 12 (14 with fetch/retire) | 3000 | 65 nm |
2007 | Penryn (die shrink) | 3333 | 45 nm | |
2008 | Nehalem | 20 unified (14 without miss prediction) | 3600 | |
Bonnell | 16 (20 with prediction miss) | 2100 | ||
2010 | Westmere (die shrink) | 20 unified (14 without miss prediction) | 3866 | 32 nm |
2011 | Saltwell (die shrink) | 16 (20 with prediction miss) | 2130 | |
Sandy Bridge | 14 (16 with fetch/retire) | 4000 | ||
2012 | Ivy Bridge (die shrink) | 4100 | 22 nm | |
2013 | Silvermont | 14–17 (16–19 with fetch/retire) | 2670 | |
Haswell | 14 (16 with fetch/retire) | 4400 | ||
2014 | Broadwell (die shrink) | 3700 | 14 nm | |
2015 | Airmont (die shrink) | 14–17 (16–19 with fetch/retire) | 2640 | |
Skylake | 14 (16 with fetch/retire) | 5200 | ||
2016 | Goldmont | 20 unified with branch prediction | 2600 | |
2017 | Goldmont Plus | 20 unified with branch prediction (?) | 2800 | |
2018 | Palm Cove | 14 (16 with fetch/retire) | 3200 | 10 nm |
2019 | Sunny Cove | 14–20 (misprediction) | 4100 | |
2020 | Tremont | 20 unified | 3300 | |
Willow Cove | 14 unified | 5300 | ||
2021 | Cypress Cove | 14 unified | 5300 | 14 nm |
Golden Cove | 12 unified | 5500 | Intel 7 | |
Gracemont | 20 unified with misprediction penalty | 4300 | ||
2022 | Raptor Cove | 12 unified | 6000 | |
2023 | Redwood Cove | Intel 4 | ||
Crestmont | ||||
Note: Atom/Power efficient microarchitectures are in Italic |
Fabrication process]] |
Micro- architecture |
Code names |
Core generation |
Xeon Scalable generation |
Release date |
Processors | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Desktop | Mobile | Enthusiast /WS |
2P Server/WS |
4P/8P Server |
||||||
180 nm | P6, NetBurst |
Willamette | - | 2000-11-20 | Willamette | - | Foster | Foster MP | ||
130 nm | Northwood/ Mobile Pentium 4 Banias |
2002-01-07 | Northwood | Northwood Mobile Banias |
Northwood-XE | Prestonia Gallatin |
Gallatin | |||
90 nm | Prescott Dothan |
2004-02-01 | Prescott Smithfield |
Dothan |
Prescott 2M-XE Smithfield-XE |
Nocona Irwindale Paxville |
Potomac Cranford Paxville |
|||
65 nm | Cedar Mill Yonah Presler |
Core (Yonah only) |
- | 2006-01-05 | Cedar Mill Presler |
Yonah | Presler-XE | Dempsey Sossaman |
Tulsa | |
Core | Merom | Core 2 | 2006-07-27 |
Conroe | Merom | Kentsfield | Woodcrest Clovertown |
Tigerton | ||
45 nm | Penryn | 2007-11-11 | Wolfdale | Penryn | Yorkfield | Harpertown | Dunnington | |||
Nehalem | Nehalem | Previous (Core i) |
- | 2008-11-17 |
Lynnfield | Clarksfield | Bloomfield | Gainestown | Beckton | |
32 nm | Westmere | 2010-01-04 |
Clarkdale | Arrandale | Gulftown | Westmere-EP | Westmere-EX | |||
Sandy Bridge | Sandy Bridge | 2 (Core i) | 2011-01-09 |
Sandy Bridge | Sandy Bridge-M | Sandy Bridge-E | Sandy Bridge-EP | - | ||
22 nm | Ivy Bridge | 3 | 2012-04-29 | Ivy Bridge | Ivy Bridge-M | Ivy Bridge-E |
Ivy Bridge-EP |
Ivy Bridge-EX |
||
Haswell | Haswell | 4 | 2013-06-02 | Haswell-DT |
Haswell-MB Haswell-H Haswell-ULP/ULX |
Haswell-E | Haswell-EP | Haswell-EX | ||
Devil's Canyon | 2014-06 | Haswell-DT | - | |||||||
14 nm | Broadwell | 5 | 2014-09-05 | Broadwell-DT | Broadwell-H Broadwell-U Broadwell-Y |
Broadwell-E | Broadwell-EP | Broadwell-EX | ||
Skylake | Skylake | 6 | 1 | 2015-08-05 |
Skylake-S | Skylake-H Skylake-U Skylake-Y |
Skylake-X Skylake-W |
Skylake-SP (formerly Skylake-EP/-EX) |
||
Kaby Lake | 7 / 8 | - | 2016-10 | Kaby Lake-S | Kaby Lake-G Kaby Lake-H Kaby Lake-U Kaby Lake-Y |
Kaby Lake-X <ref name=«auto» /> |
- | |||
Coffee Lake | 8 / 9 | 2017-10 |
Coffee Lake-S | Coffee Lake-B Coffee Lake-H Coffee Lake-U |
Coffee Lake-W | |||||
Whiske Lake | 8 | - | 2018-08-28 | - | Whiskey Lake-U | - | ||||
Amber Lake | 8 / 10 | Amber Lake-Y | ||||||||
Cascade Lake | - | 2 | 2019-04-02 | - | Cascade Lake-X Cascade Lake-W Cascade Lake-SP |
Cascade Lake-SP | ||||
Comet Lake | 10 | - | 2019-09 | Comet Lake-S | Comet Lake-H Comet Lake-U |
Comet Lake-W | - | |||
Cooper Lake | - | 3 | 2020-06 | - | Cooper Lake-SP | |||||
Cypress Cove | Rocket Lake | 11 | - | 2021-03 | Rocket Lake-S | - | Rocket Lake | - | ||
10 nm | Palm Cove | Cannon Lake | 8 | - | 2018-05 | - | Cannon Lake-U | - | ||
Sunny Cove | Ice Lake | 10 | 3 | 2019-09 (mobile) 2021-04 (server) |
Ice Lake-U | Ice Lake-W | Ice Lake-SP | - | ||
Willow Cove | Tiger Lake | 11 | - | 2020-09 | Tiger Lake-H Tiger Lake-H35 Tiger Lake-UP3 Tiger Lake-UP4 |
- | ||||
Intel 7 | Golden Cove | Alder Lake (hybrid) |
12 | 2021-11-04 | Alder Lake-S | Alder Lake-H Alder Lake-P Alder Lake-U |
||||
Sapphire Rapids | - | 4 | 2023-01-10 | - | Sapphire Rapids-WS | Sapphire Rapids-SP | ||||
Raptor Cove | Raptor Lake | 13 / 14 | - | 2022-10-20 | Raptor Lake-S | Raptor Lake-HX Raptor Lake-H Raptor Lake-P Raptor Lake-U |
- | |||
Emerald Rapids | - | 5 | 2023-12-14 | - | TBA | Emerald Rapids–SP | ||||
Intel 4 | Redwood Cove | Meteor Lake | Core Ultra Series 1 |
- | 2023-12-14 | N/A | Meteor Lake-H Meteor Lake-U |
- | ||
Intel 3 | TBA | Granite Rapids | - | 6 | 2024 | - | TBA | Granite Rapids–SP | ||
Intel 20A | Arrow Lake | Core Ultra | - | 2024 | TBA | - | ||||
Lunar Lake | 2024 | N/A | TBA | |||||||
Intel 18A | Panther Lake | 2025 | TBA | |||||||
Fabrication process |
Micro- architecture |
Code names |
Core generation |
Xeon Scalable generation |
Release date |
Desktop | Mobile | Enthusiast /WS |
2P Server/WS |
4P/8P Server |
Processors |
Fabri- cation process |
Micro- archi- tecture |
Release date |
Processors/SoCs | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mobile Internet device MID, smartphone |
Tablet | Netbook | Nettop | Embedded | Server | Communication | Consumer Electronics, CE | |||
45 nm | Bonnell | 2008 | Silverthorne | - | Diamondville | Tunnel Creek, Stellarton |
rowspan=«2» - | rowspan=«2» - | Sodaville | |
2010 | Lincroft | Pineview | Groveland | |||||||
32 nm | Saltwell | 2011 | Medfield (Penwell & Lexington), Clover Trail+ (Cloverview) |
Clover Trail (Cloverview) | Cedar Trail (Cedarview) | - | Centerton & Briarwood | - | Berryville | |
22 nm | Silvermont | 2013 | Merrifield (Tangier) | Bay Trail-T (Valleyview) |
Bay Trail-M (Valleyview) |
Bay Trail-D (Valleyview) |
Bay Trail-I (Valleyview) |
Avoton | Rangeley | - |
14 nm | Airmont | 2014 | Binghamton & Riverton | Cherry Trail-T (Cherryview) | Braswell | |
- | - | ||
Goldmont |
2016 | |
Apollo Lake |
Apollo Lake | Denverton | - | - | |||
Goldmont Plus | 2017 | - | - | Gemini Lake | - | - | - | |||
10 nm | Tremont | 2020 | - | Lakefield (hybrid) | Lakefield (hybrid) | Jacobsville<br> Parker Ridge | - | - | ||
Intel 7 | Gracemont | 2021 | - | - | Alder Lake (hybrid) | - | - | - | ||
Intel 4 | Crestmont | 2023 | - | - | Meteor Lake (hybrid) | Grand Ridge | - | - | ||
Intel 3 | Crestmont | 2024 | - | - | - | - | - | Sierra Forest-AP | - | - |
Intel 20A | Skymont | 2024 | - | - | Arrow Lake (hybrid) | - | - | - | ||
Intel 18A | Darkmont | 2025 | - | - | - | - | - | Clearwater Forest-AP | - | - |
Codename | Desktop Name | Socket Name | Gen | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SKL | Sky Lake | LGA 1151 LGA 2066 LGA 3647 | 6 | |
KBL | Kaby Lake | LGA 1151 LGA 2066 | 7 | |
CFL | Coffe Lake | LGA 1151 | 8 | |
CFL | Coffe Lake Refresh | LGA 1151 | 9 | |
CML | Comet Lake | LGA 1200 | 10 | |
RKL | Rocket Lake | LGA 1200 | 11 | |
ADL | Alder Lake | LGA 1700 | 12 | |
RPL | Raptor Lake | LGA 1700 | 13 |
https://edk2-docs.gitbook.io/edk-ii-uefi-driver-writer-s-guide/
https://github.com/LongSoft/UEFITool
https://github.com/LongSoft/UEFITool/blob/new_engine/common/guids.csv
https://github.com/theopolis/uefi-firmware-parser
https://github.com/erocarrera/pefile
https://github.com/ptresearch/IntelTXE-PoC/blob/master/README.md
http://standa-note.blogspot.com/2021/03/debugging-system-with-dci-and-windbg.html
Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual
https://doc.coreboot.org/acronyms.html
ACM | Authenticated Code Modules | https://doc.coreboot.org/security/intel/acm.html | |
ACPI | Advanced Configuration and Power Interface | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACPI | |
AL | After life | UEFI boot phase | |
AMT | Active Management Technology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Active_Management_Technology | |
APIC | Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Programmable_Interrupt_Controller | |
ARM | Advanced RISC Machines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture_family | |
BDS | Boot Device Selection | UEFI boot phase | |
BFV | Boot Firmware Volume | UEFI | |
BIOS | Basic Input/Output System | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS | |
BKC | Best Known Configuration | ||
BMC | Baseboard management controller | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_Platform_Management_Interface#Baseboard_management_controller | |
BTX | Balanced Technology Extended Interface | intel | |
CAR | Cache-as-RAM | ||
CBFS | coreboot file system | coreboot | |
CCT | Intel® Clock Commander | Tool found in BKC Intel® CSME kit | |
CDI | |||
CPU | Central processing unit | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit | |
CSME | Converged Security and Management Engine | intel | |
DMI | Direct Media Interface | intel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Media_Interface |
DTS | digital thermal sensors | ||
DXE | The Driver Execution Environment | UEFI boot phase | |
EC | Embedded controller | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_controller | |
EOP | End-of-POST | Message | |
FDI | Flexible Display Interface | intel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible_Display_Interface |
FFS | Firmware File System | UEFI | |
FIT | Intel® Flash Image Tool | intel | |
FV | firmware volume | UEFI | |
GOP | |||
GUID | Globally Unique Identifier | ||
HECI | Host Embedded Controller Interface | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_Embedded_Controller_Interface | |
HID | Human interface device | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interface_device | |
HLK | intel HLK Validation | ||
HOB | Hand-Off Block | ||
HSIO | High Speed Input/Output | ||
IBB | Initial Boot Block | coreboot | https://doc.coreboot.org/security/intel/txt_ibb.html |
ICH | I/O Controller Hub | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I/O_Controller_Hub | |
ILM | Independent Loading Mechanism | intel mb | |
IOC | Intel Online Connect | ||
IPC | Instructions per cycle | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructions_per_cycle | |
IRQ | Interrupt request | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupt_request_(PC_architecture) | |
ITSS | interrupt and timer subsystem | ||
KOZ | Keepout Zones | intel mb | |
KSC | |||
ME | Intel Management Engine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Management_Engine | |
MIPS | Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipelined Stages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIPS_architecture | |
MMU | Memory management unit | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_management_unit | |
OPI | On Package DMI interconnect Interface | ||
PCH | Platform Controller Hub | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_Controller_Hub | |
PCL | Platform Component List | intel | |
PCT | Intel® Platform Configuration Tool | ||
PD | Power Delivery | ||
PE | Portable Executable | file format | |
PECI | Platform Environment Control Interface | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_Environment_Control_Interface | |
PEI | The Pre-EFI Initialization | UEFI boot phase | |
PEIM | Pre-EFI Initialization Module | UEFI | |
PFAT | |||
PMC | Power Management Controller | intel | |
PPI | PEIM-to-PEIM Interface | UEFI | |
PV | Production Version | ||
RT | runtime | UEFI boot phase | |
SCH | System Controller Hub | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Controller_Hub | |
SEC | Security phase | ||
SKU | Stock Keeping Unit | common | |
SPI | Serial Peripheral Interface | common | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface |
TE | Terse Executable | UEFI file format is a stripped-down version of the PE format | https://uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/PI_Spec_1_6.pdf |
TPM | Trusted Platform Module | ||
TSL | Transient System Load | UEFI boot phase | |
TXT | Intel Trusted Execution Technology | https://doc.coreboot.org/security/intel/txt.html | |
UEFI | Unified Extensible Firmware Interface | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFI | |
VIP | Intel® Validation Internet Portal |